Notes

Study notes and explanations.

Reviewed notes on mathematics, computer science, systems, AI, and software engineering. The collection grows as more work is reviewed.

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

A radix-2 FFT guide: DFT normalization, butterfly decomposition, polynomial convolution, and the limits of floating-point integer results.

Bolzano–Weierstrass Theorem

A proof that every bounded sequence in finite-dimensional Euclidean space has a convergent subsequence, with the compactness distinction.

Monotone Convergence Theorem

The monotone convergence theorem for real sequences, proved from the least-upper-bound property and illustrated with examples.

Nested Interval Theorem

The nested interval theorem: completeness gives a common point, while shrinking interval lengths make it unique.

Flow network

Learn feasible flows, residual forward and reverse arcs, augmenting paths, cut bounds, and when Ford–Fulkerson terminates.

Floyd-Warshall Algorithm

Derive Floyd–Warshall’s all-pairs recurrence, implement it safely in C++, and interpret unreachable pairs and negative cycles.

Max-flow min-cut theorem

A proof of the max-flow min-cut theorem using residual reachability, with a concrete flow-and-cut certificate.

Radix Sort

A stable least-significant-digit radix sort for nonnegative safe integers, with input validation, complexity, and edge-case behavior.